Liver, Gall Bladder, and Bile Ducts (Gastrointestinal Surgery Library)

Over the last two decades, there have been major advances in imaging, endoscopy, and laparoscopy in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. GI surgery is the newest sub-specialty branch of general surgery, where enhanced expertise and high-volume centres have made a difference to the outcomes of complex operations. Surgeons can now do difficult procedures with low morbidity and mortality rates, and greatly improved overall results.

This volume provides detailed and up-to-date knowledge on diseases of the liver, gall bladder, and bile ducts. Split into two sections, it covers anatomy and physiology, approaches to specific conditions and traumas, a thorough analysis of current knowledge and future advances in the field, and a review of the relevant literature.

Written and edited by world-renowned experts in the field, this book will be a valuable resource for hepatobiliary surgeons and trainees, general surgeons, researchers, and medical students.

• Comprehensive reference text on all aspects of the liver, gall bladder, and bile duct and their surgical management, including anatomy and physiology, transplants, and the management of different diseases, traumas, and cancers
• Edited by internationally recognized experts, with contributions from renowned authorities in liver, gall bladder, and bile duct surgery and management

SECTION ONE: THE LIVER
Part 1: Anatomy and physiology
1: Surgical anatomy of the liver, Ashwin Rammohan and Mohamed Rela
2: Applied physiology of the liver, Bruno Stieger and Joachim C. Mertens
3: Liver regeneration, Bostjan Humar and Rok Humar
4: Perioperative management and nutrition in patients with liver and biliary tract disease, Akila Rajakumar, Ilankumaran Kaliamurthy, and Rathanvel Kanagavelu
Part 2: Investigations
5: Liver function tests and assessment of liver function, Omar Y. Mousa and Patrick S. Kamath
6: Imaging: Ultrasound, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, angiography, Guido Costa, Ezio Lanza, Matteo Donadon, and Guido Torzilli
Part 3: Infectious disease of the liver
7: Bacterial and parasitic infections of the liver, Chandan Kumar Kedarisetty, Mayank Jain, Thamarai S. Selvan, Vanarasi Y. Bhargav, and Jayanthi Venkatraman
8: Fatty liver in liver surgery, Nicolas Goldaracena and Lucas McCormack
9: Cystic lesions of the liver, David Martin and Emmanuel Melloul
10: Benign liver tumours, Sadhana Shankar, Evangelia Florou, and Parthi Srinivasan
11: Modern management of liver trauma, Philip C. Müller, Valentin Neuhaus, Thomas Pfammatter, and Henrik Petrowsky
Part 4: Aetiology and management of portal hypertension
12: Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction, Mohammad Qasim Khan and Patrick S. Kamath
13: Medical management of portal hypertension and its complications, Mohammad Qasim Khan and Patrick S. Kamath
14: Interventional radiological and surgical treatment of portal hypertension, Mohammad Qasim Khan and Patrick S. Kamath
Part 5: Vascular diseases of liver
15: Budd-chiari syndrome, veno occlusive disease, secondary vascular diseases of the liver, Patricia Sánchez-Velázquez and Fernando Burdío
Part 6: Neoplasms of liver
16: Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A surgical perspective, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Michele Droz dit Busset, and Matteo Virdis
17: Cholangiocarcinoma, Mohamed Rela and Mettu Srinivas Reddy
18: Primary neoplasms of the liver: Hepatoblastoma, Paolo Muiesan
19: Primary neoplasms of the liver: Other neoplasms, Jan Lerut and Quirino Lai
20: Secondary neoplasms of the liver, Pål-Dag Line
Part 7: Liver resection and transplantation
21: Principles and techniques of liver resection, Philipp Kron and J. Peter A. Lodge
22: Liver transplantation: General principles, Greg J. McKenna
23: Paediatric liver transplantation, Mureo Kasahara
24: Live donor liver transplantation, Michele Finotti and Giuliano Testa
Part 8: Non-operative management and outcomes
25: Non-operative management of liver lesions, T. Deepa Shree
26: Long-term outcomes following liver surgery, Yasuhito Iwao and Nigel D. Heaton
SECTION TWO: THE GALL BLADDER AND BILE DUCTS
Part 9: Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the biliary tree and gall bladder
27: Non-invasive imaging of the biliary tract, Daniela Husarik and Cäcilia S. Reiner
28: Endoscopic diagnostic and treatment modalities of the biliary system, Christoph Gubler and Oliver Frans
29: Percutaneous biliary imaging and interventions, N. Vietti Violi, Alban Denys, and Mathilde Vermersch
30: Laparoscopic liver surgery, Christian Hobeika, François Cauchy, and Olivier Soubrane
31: Pathogenesis and natural history of gallstones, Veena Bheeman, Royce P. Vincent, and Ameet G. Patel
Part 10: Specific conditions of the gall bladder
32: Acute and chronic cholecystitis, Claire Goumard and Olivier Scatton
33: Post-cholecystectomy biliary injury, Kayvan Mohkam, Jean-Yves Mabrut, Agnès Rode, and Mickaël Lesurtel
34: Biliary fistula, gallstones ileus and Mirizzi syndrome, Martin Palavecino and Juan Pekolj
35: Benign and malignant lesions of the gall bladder, Anil K. Agarwal and Raja Kalayarasan
36: Medical and innovative therapies for biliary malignancies, Sudha Kodali, Joy V. Nolte Fong, and R. Mark Ghobrial
Part 11: The intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts
37: Biliary atresia, Priya Ramachandran
38: Neonatal cholestasis syndrome, Priya Ramachandran
39: Acute cholangitis, recurrent cholangitis, and management of CBD calculi, Haitham Triki and Karim Boudjema
40: Cystic diseases of the biliary system, Stefan Heinrich
41: Primary sclerosing cholangitis, James Neuberger
42: Malignant lesions of the extrahepatic biliary system, Philippe Compagnon

Edited by Mohamed Rela, Chancellor, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), and Chairman, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai, India, and Pierre-Alain Clavien, Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland

Professor Mohamed Rela is an acclaimed liver transplant surgeon with over 25 years' experience in the field. He has been a Consultant Surgeon and Professor of Liver Surgery at Kings College Hospital, London, UK since 1993 and has been working in India since 2009. He now runs the busiest liver transplantation program in South India, performing over 250 liver transplants each year. Professor Rela has authored over 500 peer-reviewed publications and a number of book chapters including a chapter in the latest edition of Gray's Anatomy. In 2011 he started the annual Master Class in Liver Disease series which is now one of the most popular academic events in South Asia, regularly attended by over 1000 delegates across the world. He is the President-Elect of the International Liver Transplantation Society (ILTS).

Professor Pierre-Alain Clavien is a world-renowned surgeon and researcher. Since 2001 he has led the Department of Surgery at the University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland, and leads the liver research group of the Wyss Institute. He was the first surgeon to receive the most prestigious Swiss scientific prize, Otto Naegeli, for his work on liver transplantation. He developed a classification of complications that holds his name, which is used worldwide as the standard reporting for postoperative morbidity. He has organized several international consensus conferences using an independent jury on liver surgery and innovation including one on 'how to select chair of medicine' which has had worldwide impact on academic medicine. Finally, he was a major player in the Oxford Balliol consortium, which defined the IDEAL framework assessing surgical innovations. In 2020 he was elected as an active member of the National Academy of Medicine of the United States of America.

Contributors:

Anil K. Agarwal, Department of GI Surgery, GB Pant Institute of Medical Education and Research, and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India

Vanarasi Y. Bhargav, Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

Veena Bheeman, Gastroenterology Service, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Kejd Bici, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy

Karim Boudjema, Department of Hepatobiliary and Digestive Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France

Fernando Burdío, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Mar, Barcelona, Spain

François Cauchy, Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, France, Université de Paris, France

Pierre-Alain Clavien, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland

Philippe Compagnon, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

Guido Costa, Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

Alban Denys, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

Matteo Donadon, Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

Michele Droz dit Busset, HPB Surgery, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione IRCCS, Milan, Italy

Michele Finotti, Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

Evangelia Florou, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK

Joy V. Nolte Fong, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

Oliver Frans, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

R. Mark Ghobrial, J. C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Weill Cornell Medical College, and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

Nicolas Goldaracena, Abdominal Organ Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Claire Goumard, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hopitaux de Paris, France

Chiara Grimaldi, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy

Christoph Gubler, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Nigel D. Heaton, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Stefan Heinrich, Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Christian Hobeika, Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, France, Université de Paris, France

Bostjan Humar, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Rok Humar, Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Daniela Husarik, Radiology Department, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

Yasuhito Iwao, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Mayank Jain, Department of Gastroenterology, Arihant Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, India

Raja Kalayarasan, Department of GI Surgery, GB Pant Institute of Medical Education and Research, and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India

Ilankumaran Kaliamoorthy, Department of Liver Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

Patrick S. Kamath, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Rathnavel Govindaraju Kanagavelu, Department of Liver Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

Mureo Kasahara, Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan

Chandan Kumar Kedarisetty, Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

Mohammad Qasim Khan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Sudha Kodali, J. C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Weill Cornell Medical College, and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

Philipp Kron, HPB and Transplant Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK

Quirino Lai, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research [IREC], Université Catholique de Louvain - UCL, Brussels, Belgium; Hepatobiliary and Organ Transplantation Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Polyclinic of Rome, Rome, Italy

Ezio Lanza, Department of Interventional Radiology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

Jan Lerut, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research [IREC], Université Catholique de Louvain - UCL, Brussels, Belgium

Mickaël Lesurtel, Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Croix Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France

Pal-Dag Line, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

J. Peter A. Lodge, HPB and Transplant Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK

Jean-Yves Mabrut, Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Croix Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France

David Martin, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; HPB Surgery, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione IRCCS, Milan, Italy

Lucas McCormack, Liver Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Unit, Hospital Alema of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Greg J. McKenna, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA

Emmanuel Melloul, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Joachim C. Mertens, Department of Gastroenenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Kayvan Mohkam, Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Croix Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France

Omar Y. Mousa, Division of Gastro, enterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, Minnesota, USA

Paolo Muiesan, Liver and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit, Queen Elizabeth and Birmingham Children's Hospitals, Birmingham, UK

Philip C. Müller, Swiss HPB and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

James Neuberger, Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

Valentin Neuhaus, Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Martin Palavecino, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section, and General Surgery Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Ameet G. Patel, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HPB) service, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Juan Pekolj, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section, General Surgery Service, and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Andrea Peloso, Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

Henrik Petrowsky, Swiss HPB and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Thomas Pfammatter, Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Akila Rajakumar, Department of Liver Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

Priya Ramachandran, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, and Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai, India

Ashwin Rammohan, Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai, India

Mettu Srinivas Reddy, Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Gleneagles Global Hospital and Health City, Cheran Nagar, Chennai, India

Cäcilia S. Reiner, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Mohamed Rela, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), and Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai, India

Agnès Rode, Department of Radiology, Croix Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France

Patricia Sánchez-Velázquez, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Mar, and Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain

Olivier Scatton, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hopitaux de Paris, France

Andrea Schlegel, Liver and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit, Queen Elizabeth and Birmingham Children's Hospitals, Birmingham, UK

Thamarai S. Selvan, Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

Sadhana Shankar, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK

T. Deepa Shree, Department of Interventional Radiology, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai, India

Olivier Soubrane, Department of Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France

Parthi Srinivasan, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK

Bruno Stieger, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Giuliano Testa, Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

Guido Torzilli, Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

Christian Toso, Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

Haitham Triki, Department of Hepatobiliary and Digestive Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France

Jayanthi Venkatraman, Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

Mathilde Vermersch, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Valenciennes hospital, Valenciennes, France; and Department of Radiology and Digestive Imaging, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

Royce P. Vincent, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

N. Vietti Violi, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

Matteo Virdis, HPB Surgery, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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