Introduction to Polymer Chemistry

As the first polymer book to receive the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title distinction (2007), Introduction to Polymer Chemistry provided undergraduate students with a much-needed, well-rounded presentation of the principles and applications of natural, synthetic, inorganic, and organic polymers. With an emphasis on the environment and green chemistry and materials, this second edition continues that tradition, offering detailed coverage of natural and synthetic giant molecules, inorganic and organic polymers, elastomers, adhesives, coatings, fibers, plastics, blends, caulks, composites, and ceramics.

Using simple fundamentals, the author shows how the basic principles of one polymer group can be applied to all of the other groups. He covers synthesis and polymerization reactions, reactivities, techniques for characterization and analysis, energy absorption and thermal conductivity, physical and optical properties, and practical applications. This edition also addresses environmental concerns and green polymeric materials, including biodegradable polymers and microorganisms for synthesizing materials. Brief case studies are woven within the text as historical accounts to illustrate various developments and the societal and scientific contexts in which these changes occurred.

Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Second Edition remains the premier text for understanding the behavior of polymers while offering new material on environmental science. Building on undergraduate work in foundational courses, the text fulfills the American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training (ACS CPT) in-depth course requirement. It also provides a test bank with answers for qualifying instructors.

Introduction to Polymers

History of Polymers

Why Polymers?

Today’s Marketplace

Environmental Assessment

Managing Sustainability

Polymer Structure (Morphology)

Stereochemistry of Polymers

Molecular Interactions

Polymer Crystals

Amorphous Bulk State

Polymer Structure–Property Relationships

Crystalline and Amorphous Combinations

Cross-Linking

Molecular Weight of Polymers

Introduction

Solubility

Average Molecular Weight Values

Fractionation of Polydisperse Systems

Chromatography

Colligative Molecular Weights

Light-Scattering Photometry

Other Techniques

Viscometry

Naturally Occurring Polymers

Polysaccharides

Cellulose

Cellulose-Regenerating Processes

Esters and Ethers of Cellulose

Starch

Other Polysaccharides

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Naturally Occurring Polyisoprenes

Lignin

Melanins

Polymer Structure

Genetic Engineering

DNA Profiling

Asphalt

Step-Reaction Polymerization (Polycondensation Reactions)

Comparison between the Polymer Type and the Kinetics of Polymerization

Introduction

Stepwise Kinetics

Polycondensation Mechanisms

Polyesters and Polycarbonates

Synthetic Polyamides

Polyimides

Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers

Polyurethanes and Polyureas

Polysulfides

Polyethers

Polysulfones

Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones

Phenolic and Amino Plastics

Synthetic Routes

Liquid Crystals

Microfibers

Ionic Chain Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization (Addition Polymerization)

Chain Growth Polymerization—General

Cationic Polymerization

Anionic Polymerization

Stereoregularity and Stereogeometry

Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts

Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis

Polyethylenes

Polypropylene

Polymers from 1,4-Dienes

Polyisobutylene

Metathesis Reactions

Zwitterionic Polymerization

Isomerization Polymerization

Precipitation Polymerization

Free Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization)

Initiators for Free Radical Chain Polymerization

Mechanism for Free Radical Chain Polymerization

Chain Transfer

Polymerization Techniques

Fluorine-Containing Polymers

Polystyrene

Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Solid-State Irradiation Polymerization

Plasma Polymerization

Copolymerization

Kinetics of Copolymerization

The Q–e Scheme

Commercial Copolymers

Block Copolymers

Graft Copolymers

Elastomers

Blends

Polymer Mixtures—IPNS and Alloys

Dendrites

Ionomers

Fluoroelastomers

Nitrile Rubber

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymers

EPDM Rubber

Organometallic and Metalloid Polymers

Introduction

Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms

Condensation Organometallic Polymers

Coordination Polymers

Addition Polymers

Inorganic Polymers

Introduction

Portland Cement

Other Cements

Silicates

Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous)

Sol–Gel

Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms)—Quartz Forms

Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips

Asbestos

Polymeric Carbon—Diamond

Polymeric Carbon—Graphite

Internal Cyclization—Carbon Fibers and Related Materials

Carbon Nanotubes

Bitumens

Carbon Black

Polysulfur

Ceramics

High-Temperature Superconductors

Zeolites

Reactions of Polymers

Reactions with Polyolefines and Polyenes

Reactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant Groups

Degradation

Cross-Linking

Reactivities of End Groups

Supramolecules and Self-Assembly

Transfer and Retention of Oxygen

Nature’s Macromolecular Catalysts

Photosynthesis

Mechanisms of Energy Absorption

Breakage of Polymeric Materials

Testing and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers

Spectronic Characterization of Polymers

Surface Characterization

Amorphous Region Determinations

Thermal Analysis

Thermal Property Tests

Flammability

Electrical Properties: Theory

Electric Measurements

Weatherability

Optical Properties—Tests

Chemical Resistance

Rheology and Physical Tests

Rheology

Typical Stress–Strain Behavior

Stress–Strain Relationships

Specific Physical Tests

Additives

Fillers

Reinforcements

Nanocomposites

Plasticizers

Antioxidants

Heat Stabilizers

Ultraviolet Stabilizers

Flame Retardants

Colorants

Curing Agents

Antistatic Agents—Antistats

Chemical Blowing Agents

Compatibilizers

Impact Modifiers

Processing Aids

Lubricants

Microorganism Inhibitors

Synthesis of Reactants and Intermediates for Polymers

Monomer Synthesis from Basic Feedstocks

Reactants for Step-Reaction Polymerization

Synthesis of Vinyl Monomers

Polymer Technology

Polymer Processing

Secondary Structures—Mesophases

Fibers

Elastomers

Films and Sheets

Polymeric Foams

Reinforced Plastics (Composites) and Laminates

Molding

Casting

Extrusion

Coatings

Adhesives

Conductive Polymeric Materials

Drug Design and Activity

Synthetic Biomedical Polymers

Dental Materials

Emerging Polymers

Green Materials

Appendix A: Structures of Common Polymers

Appendix B: Syllabus

Appendix C: American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training Requirements

Appendix D: Comments on Health

Appendix E: ISO 9000 and 14000

Appendix F: Symbols

Appendix G: Web Information

Index

A Summary, a Glossary, Exercises, and Further Readings appear at the end of each chapter.

Charles E. Carraher, Jr. is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton. He is also an associate director of the Florida Center for Environmental Studies in Palm Beach Gardens.

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