Refinery of the Future

Preț: 586,50 lei
Disponibilitate: la comandă
ISBN: 9780815520412
Anul publicării: 2011
Pagini: 416

DESCRIERE

As feedstocks to refineries change, there must be an accompanying change in refinery technology. This means a movement from conventional means of refining heavy feedstocks using (typically) coking technologies to more innovative processes that will coax the last drips of liquid fuels from the feedstock.

This book presents the evolution of refinery processes during the last century and as well as the means by which refinery processes will evolve during the next three-to-five decades. Chapters contain material relevant to (1) comparisons of current feedstocks with heavy oil and bio-feedstocks; (2) evolution of refineries since the 1950s, (3) properties and refinability of heavy oil and bio-feedstocks, (4) thermal processes vs. hydroprocesses, and (5) evolution of products to match the environmental market.

Process innovations that have influenced refinery processing over the past three decades are presented, as well as the relevant patents that have the potential for incorporation into future refineries.

• Comparison of current feedstocks with heavy oil and bio-feedstocks.
• Evolution of refineries over the past three decades.
• Properties and refinability of heavy oil and bio-feedstocks.
• Thermal processes vs. Hydroprocesses.
• Evolution of products to match the environmental market.



Readership

Chemical and Process Engineers; Oil & Gas community; Business planners; government and public policy community.


Table of Contents
PREFACE

CHAPTER 1: FEEDSTOCK COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES
1.0 Occurrence and Reserves
1.1 Conventional Petroleum
1.2 Heavy Oil
1.3 Tar Sand Bitumen
1.4 Bio-feedstocks
2.0 Recovery and Properties
3.0. Ultimate (Elemental) Composition
4.0 Chemical Composition
5.0 Fractional Composition
6.0 References

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO REFINING PROCESSES
1.0 Dewatering and Desalting
2.0 Distillation
3.0 Thermal Methods
4.0 Catalytic Methods
5.0 Hydroprocesses
6.0 Reforming
7.0 Isomerization, Alkylation, and Polymerization Processes
9.0 References

CHAPTER 3: REFINING CHEMISTRY
1.0 Cracking
2.0 Hydrogenation
3.0 Isomerization, Alkylation, and Polymerization
4.0 Instability and Incompatibility
5.0 References

CHAPTER 4: DISTILLATION
1.0 Current Processes and Equipment
3.1 Atmospheric Distillation
3.2 Vacuum Distillation
2.0 Other Processes
3.0 Process Innovations
4.0 Relevant Patents
5.0 References

CHAPTER 5: THERMAL CRACKING
1.0 Commercial Processes
1.1 Visbreaking
1.2 Coking Processes
2.0 Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
3.0 Process Innovations
4.0 Relevant Patents
5.0 References

CHAPTER 6: CATALYTIC CRACKING
1.0 Commercial Processes and Catalysts
1.1 Fixed-Bed Processes
1.2 Fluid-Bed Processes
1.3 Moving-Bed Processes
2.0 Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
3.0 Process Parameters
4.0 Process Innovations
5.0 Relevant Patents
6.0 References

CHAPTER 7: DEASPHALTING PROCESSES
1.0 Commercial Processes
2.0 Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
3.0 Process Innovations
4.0 Relevant Patents
5.0 References

CHAPTER 8: HYDROTREATING AND DESULFURIZATION
1.0 Commercial Processes and Catalysts
2.0 Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
5.0 Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Polishing
6.0 Process Innovations
7.0 Relevant Patents
8.0 References

CHAPTER 9: HYDROCRACKING
1.0 Commercial Processes and Catalysts
2.0 Process Design
3.0 Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
4.0 Process Innovations
5.0 Relevant Patents
6.0 References

CHAPTER 10: REFINERY OF THE FUTURE
1.0 Feedstocks
1.1 Petroleum, Heavy Oil, and Bitumen
1.2 Liquids from Coal and Oil Shale
1.3 Bio-liquids
2.0 Refinery Configuration
3.0 Products and Product Quality
4.0 Relevant Patents
5.0 References

CONVERSION FACTORS

GLOSSARY

INDEX



Author Information
By James G. Speight

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