Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management

SECTION A: Principles of Surgical Audit .

1. How to set up a prospective surgical audit.

2. Evaluating personal surgical audit.

3. What to do if the results are outside the mean.

Section B: General Principles.

1. Endocrine and metabolic response to surgery of the urinary tract and the rationale for fluid and electrolyte replacement.

2. Pain relief: Peri and post operatively.

3. Chemoprophylaxis for surgery of the urinary tract.

SECTION C: Open Surgery of the Upper Urinary Tract.

1. Nephrectomy.

2. Partial Nephrectomy.

3. Surgery for UPJ obstruction.

4. Ureteric reimplantation for both UVJ obstruction and vesicoureteric reflux.

5. Uretero-ureteric anastomosis, to include for duplex ureters and trans uretero- ureterostomies..

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SECTION D: Surgery of the bladder.

1. Surgical management of the Epispadias -
Exstrophy complex.

2. Bladder diverticula.

3. Urachal anomalies.

4. Prune Belly syndrome.

SECTION E: Endoscopic Surgery of the urinary tract.

1. Cystoscopy and cystoscopic interventions, including resection of posterior urethral valves, Anterior urethral valves, Ureteroceles and stent placement.

2. Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteric reflux.

3. Percutaneous, Ureteroscopic and ESWL for Stone disease.

4. General Laparoscopy.

5. Laparoscopy for the upper urinary tract.

6. Laparoscopy for the lower urinary tract.

7. Laparoscopic orchiopexy.

8. Robotics in Paediatric Urology.

SECTION F: Genitalia.

1. Female genital reconstruction.

2. Cloacal reconstruction.

3. Male genital anomalies: hypospadias and urethral duplication.

4. Orchidopexy and Orchidectomy.

5. Hernia and hydrocoele repair.

6. Varicocoele treatment, To include both surgical and embolic management.

7. Phalloplasty.

SECTION G: Renal Impairment Surgery.

1. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

2. Renal transplantation.

3. Interventional procedures.

SECTION H: Urogenital tumours.

1. Wilms tumour.

2. Rhabdomyosarcoma.

3. Testicular tumours.

4. Adrenal tumours.

SECTION I: Trauma.

1. Genital trauma.

2. Urinary tract trauma.

SECTION J: Surgery for urinary incontinence.

1. Augmentation cystoplasty.

2. Appendicovesicostomy and ileovesicostomy.

3. Surgical management of the sphincter mechanism.

4. Surgery for fecal incontinence.

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SECTION K: Consent and medicolegal issues.

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Duncan T. Wilcox MBBS, MD, Associate Professor, Pediatric Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA

Prasad P. Godbole MBBS, FRCS, FRCS (Paed), FEAPU, Consultant Pediatric Urologist, Sheffield Childrens NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK

Martin A. Koyle MD, FAAP, FACS, Professor of Urology and Pediatrics, University of Washington; Chief, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.