Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics (Oxford Library of Psychology)

Presents over 50 chapters from leading authorities in the sciences and humanities, providing an exhaustive and commanding review of a rapidly growing field
Exceptionally broad in its coverage, with key themes including: consciousness and intention, pharmacological cognitive enhancement (smart drugs), and ageing and dementia

The past two decades have seen unparalleled developments in our knowledge of the brain and mind. However, these advances have forced us to confront head-on some significant ethical issues regarding our application of this information in the real world- whether using brain images to establish guilt within a court of law, or developing drugs to enhance cognition.

Historically, any consideration of the ethical, legal, and social implications of emerging technologies in science and medicine has lagged behind the discovery of the technology itself. These delays have caused problems in the acceptability and potential applications of biomedical advances and posed significant problems for the scientific community and the public alike - for example in the case of genetic screening and human cloning. The field of Neuroethics aims to proactively anticipate ethical, legal and social issues at the intersection of neuroscience and ethics, raising questions about what the brain tells us about ourselves, whether the information is what people want or ought to know, and how best to communicate it.

A landmark in the academic literature, the Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics presents a pioneering review of a topic central to the sciences and humanities. It presents a range of chapters considering key issues, discussion, and debate at the intersection of brain and ethics. The handbook contains more than 50 chapters by leaders from around the world and a broad range of sectors of academia and clinical practice spanning the neurosciences, medical sciences and humanities and law. The book focuses on and provides a platform for dialogue of what neuroscience can do, what we might expect neuroscience will do, and what neuroscience ought to do. The major themes include: consciousness and intention; responsibility and determinism; mind and body; neurotechnology; ageing and dementia; law and public policy; and science, society and international perspectives.

Tackling some of the most significant ethical issues that face us now and will continue to do so over the coming decades, The Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics will be an essential resource for the field of neuroethics for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, basic scientists in the neurosciences and psychology, scholars in humanities and law, as well as physicians practising in the areas of primary care in neurological medicine.

Readership: Neuroscientists, bioethicists, philosophers, psychiatrists, lawyers



Edited by Judy Illes, Director, National Core for Neuroethics, Professor of Neurology and Canada Chair in Neuroethics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and Barbara J. Sahakian, Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology. University of Cambridge Department of Psychiatry and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK

Dr. Illes is Professor of Neurology and Canada Research Chair in Neuroethics at the University of British Columbia. She is Director of the National Core for Neuroethics at UBC, and faculty in the Brain Research Centre at UBC and the Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute. She also holds affiliate appointments in the School of Population and Public Health and the School of Journalism at UBC, and in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington in Seattle, WA, USA. Dr. Illes' research focuses on ethical, legal, social and policy challenges specifically at the intersection of the neurosciences and biomedical ethics. This includes studies on stem cells and regenerative medicine, functional neuroimaging in basic and clinical research dementia, addiction, neurodevelopmental disorders and the commercialization of cognitive neuroscience.

Barbara J Sahakian is Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology at the University of Cambridge Department of Psychiatry, and the Medical Research Council/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute. She is also a Clinical Psychologist. She has an international reputation in the fields of cognitive psychopharmacology, neuroethics, neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry and neuroimaging. She is co-inventor of the CANTAB computerised neuropsychological tests, which are in use world-wide. She is probably best known for her research work on cognition and depression, cognitive enhancement using pharmacological treatments, neuroethics and early detection of Alzheimer's disease. She has over 300 publications covering these topics in various scientific journals. Her current programme of research, investigates the neurochemical modulation of impulsive and compulsive behaviour in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as unipolar and bipolar depression.

Contributors:
Judy Illes and Barbara J. Sahakian
Alan I. Leshner
John Dylan-Haynes
Morten Kringelbach and Kent C. Berridge
Christopher Suhler and Patricia Churchland
Monica Luciana
Mario Beauregard
Georgio Ganis and J. Peter Rosenfeld
Camile Chatelle and Steven Laureys
Adrian M. Owen
Bernard Baertschi and Alexandre Mauron
Peter B. Reiner
Martina Reske and Martin P. Paulus
Steven E. Hyman
Patrick Haggard
Sharon Morein-Zamir and Barbara J. Sahakian
Elisabeth Hildt and Thomas Metzinger
John Harris
Anders Sandberg, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, and Julian Savulescu
Neil Levy
Hervé Chneiweiss
James M. Swanson, Timothy Wigal, Kimberley Lakes, and Nora D. Volkow
Ruth Fischbach and Janet Mindes
Carole Federico, Sofia Lombera, and Judy Illes
Michael R. Hadskis and MatthiasH. Schmidt
Nir Lipsman and Mark Bernstein
Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Felipe Fregni, and Megan S. Steven, and Lachlan Forrow
Debra J.H. Matthews, Peter V. Rabins, and Ben D. Greenberg
Roger A. Barker and Alisdair Coles
George Khushf
K



Judy Illes and Barbara J. Sahakian: Preface
Alan I. Leshner: Foreword
Consciousness and Intention: Decoding Mental States and Decision Making
John Dylan-Haynes: Brain Reading: Decoding Mental States from Brain Activity in Humans
Morten Kringelbach and Kent C. Berridge: The Neurobiology of Pleasure and Happiness
Christopher Suhler and Patricia Churchland: The Neurobiological Basis of Morality
Monica Luciana: Development of the Adolescent Brain: Neuroethical Implications for the Understanding of Executive Function and Social Cognition
Mario Beauregard: Neural Foundations to Conscious and Volitional Control of Emotional Behaviour: A Mentalistic Perspective
Georgio Ganis and J. Peter Rosenfeld: Neural Correlates of Deception
Camile Chatelle and Steven Laureys: Understanding Disorders of Consciousness
Adrian M. Owen: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Covert Awareness, and Brain Injury
Responsibility and Determinism
Bernard Baertschi and Alexandre Mauron: Genetic Determinism, Neuronal Determinism, and Determinism Tout Court
Peter B. Reiner: The Rise of Neuroessentialism
Martina Reske and Martin P. Paulus: A Neuroscientific Approach to Addiction: Ethical Concerns
Steven E. Hyman: The Neurobiology of Addiction: Implications for Voluntary Control of Behaviour
Patrick Haggard: Neuroethics of Free Will
Mind and Body
Sharon Morein-Zamir and Barbara J. Sahakian: Pharmaceutical Cognitive Enhancement
Elisabeth Hildt and Thomas Metzinger: Cognitive Enhancement
John Harris: Chemical Cognitive Enhancement: Is it Unfair, Unjust, Discriminatory or Cheating for Healthy Adults to Use Smart Drugs?
Anders Sandberg, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, and Julian Savulescu: Cognitive Enhancement in Courts
Neil Levy: Neuroethics and the Extended Mind
Hervé Chneiweiss: Does Cognitive Enhancement Fit with the Physiology of our Cognition?
James M. Swanson, Timothy Wigal, Kimberley Lakes, and Nora D. Volkow: ADHD: Defining a Spectrum Disorder and Considering Neuroethical Implications
Neurotechnology
Ruth Fischbach and Janet Mindes: Why Neuroethicists are Needed
Carole Federico, Sofia Lombera, and Judy Illes: Intersecting Complexities in Neuroimaging and Neuroethics
Michael R. Hadskis and MatthiasH. Schmidt: Pediatric Neuroimaging Research
Nir Lipsman and Mark Bernstein: Ethical Issues in Functional Neurosurgery: Emerging Applications and Controversies
Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Felipe Fregni, and Megan S. Steven, and Lachlan Forrow: Noninvasive Brain Stimulation as a Therapeutic and Investigative Tool: An Ethical Appraisal
Debra J.H. Matthews, Peter V. Rabins, and Ben D. Greenberg: DBS for Treatment-Resistant Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Roger A. Barker and Alisdair Coles: The Ethical Issues of Trials of Neural Grafting in Patients with Neurodegenerative Conditions
George Khushf: The Ethics of Nano/Neuro Convergence
Aging and Dementia
Karima Kahlaoui, Maximiliano Wilson, Ana Ines Ansaldo, Bernadette Ska, and Yves Joanette: Neurobiological and Neuroethical Perspectives on the Contribution of Functional Neuroimaging to the Study of Aging in the Brain
Samia Hurst: Clinical Research on Conditions Affecting Cognitive Capacity
Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung: Ethical Concerns and Pitfalls in Neurogenetic Testing
Marilyn S. Albert and Guy M. McKhann: Neuroethical Issues in Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
Jerry Samet and Yaakov Stern: The Neuroethics of Cognitive Reserve
Silke Appel-Cresswell and A. Jon Stoessl: Ethical Issues in the Management of Parkinson's Disease
Adrian J. Ivinson: The Other Ethical Challenge of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Julian C. Hughes: Future Scoping: Ethical Issues in Ageing and Dementia
Law and Public Policy
Susan M. Wolf: Incidental Findings in Neuroscience Research: A Fundamental Challenge to the Structure of Bioethics and Health Law
Emily R. Murphy and Henry T. Greely: What Will Be the Limits of Neuroscience-Based Mindreading in the Law?
Joshua Greene and Jonathan Cohen: For the Law, Neuroscience Changes Nothing and Everything
Teneille R. Brown and Jennifer B. McCormick: New Directions in Neuroscience Policy
Stacey A. Tovino: Women's Neuroethics
Amy Zarzeczny and Timothy Caulfield: Public Representations of Neurogenetics
Jonathan D. Moreno: Brain Trust: Neuroscience and National Security in the Twenty-First Century
Science, Society, and International Perspectives
Bruce E. Wexler: Neuroplasticity, Culture and Society
Martha J. Farah: Neuroscience and Neuroethics in the 21st Century
Eric Racine: Neuroscience and the Media: Ethical Challenges and Opportunities
Zachary Stein, Bruno della Chiesa, Christina Hinton, and Kurt W. Fischer: Ethical Issues in Educational Neuroscience: Raising Children in a Brave New World
Daofen Chen and Remi Quirion: From the Internationalization to the Globalization of Neuroethics: Some Perspectives and Challenges
Jessica Evert, Robert Huish, Gary Heit, Evaleen Jones, Scott Loeliger, and Steve Schmidbauer: Global Health Ethics
Craig van Dyke: Ethical Perspectives: Clinical Drug Trials in Developing Countries
Kate Tairyan and Erica Frank: Learning about Neuroethics Through Health Sciences Online: A Model for Global Dissemination
Joseph J. Fins: Epilogue: Neuroethics and the Lure of Technology.

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