Magnetics, Dielectrics, and Wave Propagation with MATLAB® Codes

Because future microwave, magnetic resonance, and wave propagation systems will involve miniature devices, nanosize structures, multifunctional applications, and composites of various types of materials, their development requires distinctly multidisciplinary collaborations. That means specialized approaches will not be sufficient to satisfy requirements.

Anticipating that many students lack specialized training in magnetism and magnetics, Magnetics, Dielectrics, and Wave Propagation with MATLAB® Codes avoids application-specific descriptions, instead connecting phenomenological approaches with comprehensive microscopic formulations to provide a new and sufficiently broad physical perspective on modern trends in microwave technology. Reducing complex calculation approaches to their simplest form, this book’s strength is in its step-by-step explanation of the procedure for unifying Maxwell’s equations with the free energy via the equation of motion. With clear and simple coverage of everything from first principles to calculation tools, it revisits the fundamentals that govern the phenomenon of magnetic resonance and wave propagation in magneto-dielectric materials.

Introduces constitutive equations via the free energy, paving the way to consider wave propagation in any media

This text helps students develop an essential understanding of the origin of magnetic parameters from first principles, as well as how these parameters are to be included in the large-scale free energy. More importantly, it facilitates successful calculation of said parameters, which is required as the dimensionality of materials is reduced toward the microscopic scale. The author presents a systematic way of deriving the permeability tensor of the most practical magnetic materials, cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. Using this simple and very general approach, he effectively bridges the gap between microscopic and macroscopic principles as applied to wave propagation.

Review of Maxwell Equations and Units

Maxwell Equations in MKS System of Units

Major and Minor Magnetic Hysteresis Loops

Tensor and Dyadic Quantities

Maxwell Equations in Gaussian System of Units

External, Surface, and Internal Electromagnetic Fields

Classical Principles of Magnetism

Historical Background

First Observation of Magnetic Resonance

Definition of Magnetic Dipole Moment

Magnetostatics of Magnetized Bodies

Electrostatics of Electric Dipole Moment

Relationship between B and H Fields

General Definition of Magnetic Moment

Classical Motion of the Magnetic Moment

Introduction to Magnetism

Energy Levels and Wave Functions of Atoms

Intra-Exchange Interactions

Heisenberg Representation of Exchange Coupling

Multiplet States

Hund Rules

Spin–Orbit Interaction

Lande gJ-Factor

Effects of Magnetic Field on a Free Atom

Crystal Field Effects on Magnetic Ions

Super-exchange Coupling between Magnetic Ions

Double Super-exchange Coupling

Ferromagnetism in Magnetic Metals

Free Magnetic Energy

Thermodynamics of Non-interacting Spins: Paramagnets

Ferromagnetic Interaction in Solids

Ferrimagnetic Ordering

Spinwave Energy

Effects of Thermal Spinwave Excitations

Free Magnetic Energy

Single Ion Model for Magnetic Anisotropy

Pair Model

Demagnetizing Field Contribution to Free Energy

Numerical Examples

Cubic Magnetic Anisotropy Energy

Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy Energy

Phenomenological Theory

Smit and Beljers Formulation

Examples of Ferromagnetic Resonance

Simple Model for Hysteresis

General Formulation

Connection between Free Energy and Internal Fields

Static Field Equations

Dynamic Equations of Motion

Microwave Permeability

Normal Modes

Magnetic Relaxation

Free Energy of Multi-Domains

Electrical Properties of Magneto-Dielectric Films

Basic Difference between Electric and Magnetic Dipole Moments

Electric Dipole Orientation in a Field

Equation of Motion of Electrical Dipole Moment in a Solid

Free Energy of Electrical Materials

Magneto-Elastic Coupling

Microwave Properties of Perfect Conductors

Principles of Superconductivity: Type I

Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors: Type I

London’s Penetration Depth

Type-II Superconductors

Microwave Surface Impedance

Conduction through a Non-Superconducting Constriction

Isotopic Spin Representation of Feynman Equations

Kramers–Kronig Equations

Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Magneto-Dielectric Media

Spinwave Dispersions for Semi-Infinite Medium

Spinwave Dispersion at High k-Values

The k¼0 Spinwave Limit

Surface or Localized Spinwave Excitations

Pure Electromagnetic Modes of Propagation: Semi-Infinite Medium

Coupling of the Equation of Motion and Maxwell’s Equations

Normal Modes of Spinwave Excitations

Magnetostatic Wave Excitations

Ferrite Bounded by Parallel Plates

Spin Surface Boundary Conditions

A Quantitative Estimate of Magnetic Surface Energy

Another Source of Surface Magnetic Energy

Static Field Boundary Conditions

Dynamic Field Boundary Conditions

Applications of Boundary Conditions

Electromagnetic Spin Boundary Conditions

Matrix Representation of Wave Propagation

Matrix Representation of Wave Propagation in Single Layers

Ferromagnetic Resonance in Composite Structures: No Exchange Coupling

Ferromagnetic Resonance in Composite Structures: Exchange Coupling

Index

Each chapter concludes with Problems, References, and Solutions

Carmine Vittoria’s career spans 40–45 years in academia and research establishments. His approach to scientific endeavors has been to search for the common denominator or thread that links the various sciences to make some logical sense. The fields of study include physics, electrical engineering, ceramics, metallurgy, surface or interfaces, nano-composite films. His interest in science ranges from the physics of particle–particle interaction at the atomic scale to nondestructive evaluation of bridge structures, from EPR of a blood cell to electronic damage in the presence of gamma rays, from design of computer chips to radar systems, from microscopic interfacial structures to thin film composites. The diversity and seriousness of his work and his commitment to science are evident in the ~ 400 publications in peer-reviewed journals, patents, and two other scientific books. Dr. Vittoria is also the author of a nonscientific book on soccer for children. He is a life fellow of the IEEE (1990) and an APS fellow (1985). He has received research awards and special patent awards from government research laboratories.

Dr. Vittoria was appointed to a professorship position in 1985 in the Electrical Engineering Department at Northeastern University, and was awarded the distinguished professorship position in 2001 and a research award in 2007 by the College of Engineering. In addition, he was cited for an outstanding teacher award by the special need students at Northeastern University. His teaching assignments included electromagnetics, antenna theory, microwave networks, wave propagation in magneto-dielectrics, magnetism and superconductivity, electronic materials, microelectronic circuit designs, circuit theory, electrical motors, and semiconductor devices.