LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice

“Where this book is exceptional is that the reader will not just learn how LTE works but why it works”
Adrian Scrase, ETSI Vice-President, International Partnership Projects

Following on the success of the first edition, this book is fully updated, covering the latest additions to LTE and the key features of LTE-Advanced.

This book builds on the success of its predecessor, offering the same comprehensive system-level understanding built on explanations of the underlying theory, now expanded to include complete coverage of Release 9 and the developing specifications for LTE-Advanced. The book is a collaborative effort of more than 40 key experts representing over 20 companies actively participating in the development of LTE, as well as academia. The book highlights practical implications, illustrates the expected performance, and draws comparisons with the well-known WCDMA/HSPA standards. The authors not only pay special attention to the physical layer, giving an insight into the fundamental concepts of OFDMA-FDMA and MIMO, but also cover the higher protocol layers and system architecture to enable the reader to gain an overall understanding of the system.

Key New Features:

Comprehensively updated with the latest changes of the LTE Release 8 specifications, including improved coverage of Radio Resource Management RF aspects and performance requirements
Provides detailed coverage of the new LTE Release 9 features, including: eMBMS, dual-layer beamforming, user equipment positioning, home eNodeBs / femtocells and pico cells and self-optimizing networks
Evaluates the LTE system performance
Introduces LTE-Advanced, explaining its context and motivation, as well as the key new features including: carrier aggregation, relaying, high-order MIMO, and Cooperative Multi-Point transmission (CoMP).
Includes an accompanying website containing a complete list of acronyms related to LTE and LTE-Advanced, with a brief description of each (http://www.wiley.com/go/sesia_theumts)

This book is an invaluable reference for all research and development engineers involved in implementation of LTE or LTE-Advanced, as well as graduate and PhD students in wireless communications. Network operators, service providers and R&D managers will also find this book insightful.

Editors' Biographies.

List of Contributors.

Foreword.

Preface.

Acknowledgements.

List of Acronyms.

1 Introduction and Background (Thomas Sälzer and Matthew Baker).

1.1 The Context for the Long Term Evolution of UMTS.

1.2 Requirements and Targets for the Long Term Evolution.

1.3 Technologies for the Long Term Evolution.

1.4 From Theory to Practice.

References.

Part I Network Architecture and Protocols.

2 Network Architecture (Sudeep Palat and Philippe Godin).

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Overall Architectural Overview.

2.3 Protocol Architecture.

2.4 Quality of Service and EPS Bearers.

2.5 The E-UTRAN Network Interfaces: S1 Interface.

2.6 The E-UTRAN Network Interfaces: X2 Interface.

2.7 Summary.

References.

3 Control Plane Protocols (Himke van der Velde).

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Radio Resource Control (RRC).

3.3 PLMN andCell Selection.

3.4 Paging.

3.5 Summary.

References.

4 User Plane Protocols (Patrick Fischer, SeungJune Yi, SungDuck Chun and YoungDae Lee).

4.1 Introduction to the User Plane Protocol Stack.

4.2 Packet Data Convergence Protocol.

4.3 Radio Link Control (RLC).

4.4 Medium Access Control (MAC).

4.5 Summary of the User Plane Protocols.

References.

Part II Physical Layer for Downlink.

5 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) (Andrea Ancora, Issam Toufik, Andreas Bury and Dirk Slock).

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 OFDM.

5.3 OFDMA.

5.4 Parameter Dimensioning.

References.

6 Introduction to Downlink Physical Layer Design (Matthew Baker).

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Transmission Resource Structure.

6.3 Signal Structure.

6.4 Introduction to Downlink Operation.

References.

7 Synchronization and Cell Search (Fabrizio Tomatis and Stefania Sesia).

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Synchronization Sequences and Cell Searchin LTE.

7.3 Coherent Versus Non-Coherent Detection.

References.

8 Reference Signals and Channel Estimation (Andrea Ancora and Stefania Sesia).

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Design of Reference Signals in LTE Downlink.

8.3 RS-Aided Channel Modelling and Estimation.

8.4 Frequency Domain Channel Estimation.

8.5 Time-Domain Channel Estimation.

8.6 Spatial-Domain Channel Estimation.

8.7 Advanced Techniques.

References.

9 Downlink Physical Data and Control Channels (Matthew Baker and Tim Moulsley).

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Downlink Data-Transporting Channels.

9.3 Downlink Control Channels.

References.

10 Link Adaptation and Channel Coding (Brian Classon, Ajit Nimbalker, Stefania Sesia and Issam Toufik).

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Link Adaptation and CQI Feedback Computation.

10.3 Channel Coding.

10.4 Conclusion.

References.

11 Multiple Antenna Techniques (David Gesbert, Cornelius van Rensburg, Filippo Tosato and Florian Kaltenberger).

11.1 Fundamentals of Multiple Antenna Theory.

11.2 MIMO Schemes in LTE.

11.3 Summary.

References.

12 Multi-User Scheduling and Interference Coordination (Issam Toufik and Raymond Knopp).

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 General Considerations for Resource Allocation Strategies.

12.3 Scheduling Algorithms.

12.4 Considerations for Resource Scheduling in LTE.

12.5 Interference Coordination and Frequency Reuse.

12.6 Summary.

References.

13 Radio Resource Management (Francesc Boixadera).

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 Broadcast Modes.

13.3 Overall MBMS Architecture.

13.4 MBMS Single Frequency Network Transmission.

13.5 LTE MBMS Characteristics.

13.6 Radion Access Protocol Architetire and Signalling.

13.7 Public Warning Systems.

References.

Part III Physical Layer for Uplink.

14 Uplink Physical Layer Design (Robet Love and Vijay Nangia).

14.1 Introduction.

14.2 SC-FDMA Principles.

14.3 SC-FDMA Design in LTE.

14.4 Summary.

References.

15 Reference Signals (Robert Love and Vijay Nangia).

15.1 Introduction.

15.2 RS Signal Sequence Generation.

15.3 Sequence-Group Hopping and Planning.

15.4 Cyclic Shift Hopping.

15.5 Demodulation Reference Signals (DM-RS).

15.6 Uplink Sounding Reference Signalling (SRS).

15.7 Summary.

References.

16 Uplink Physical Channel Structure (Robert Love and Vijay Nangia).

16.1 Introduction.

16.2 Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel Structure.

16.3 Uplink Control Channel Design.

16.4 Multiplexing of Control Signalling and UL-SCH Data on PUSCH.

16.5 ACK/NACK Repetition.

16.6 Multiple-Antenna Techniques.

16.7 Summary.

References.

17 Random Access (Pierre Bertrand and Jing Jong).

17.1 Introduction.

17.2 Random Access Usage and Requirement in LTE.

17.3 Uplink Random Access Procedure.

17.4 Physical Random Access Channel Design.

17.5 PRACH Implementation.

17.6 Time Division Duplex (TDD) PRACH.

17. Concluding Remarks.

References.

18 Uplink Transimssion Procedures (Matthew Baker).

18.1 Introduction.

18.2 Uplink Timing Control.

18.3 Power Control.

18.4 Physical Random Access Channel Design.

18.5 PRACH Implementation.

18.6 Time Division Duplex(TDD)PRACH.

18.6.1 PreambleFormat4.

18.7 Concluding Remarks.

References.

Part IV Practical Deployment Aspects.

19 User Equipment Positioning (Karri Ranta-aho and Zukang Shen)>

19.1 Introduction.

19.2 Assisted Global Navigation Satellite System (A-GNSS) Positioning.

19.3 Observed Time Di_erence Of Arrival (OTDOA) Positioning.

19.3.1 Positioning Reference Signals (PRS).

19.3.2 OTDOA Performance and Practical Considerations.

19.4 Cell-ID-based Positioning.

19.4.1 Basic CID Positioning.

19.4.2 Enhanced CID Positioning using Round Trip Time and UE Receive

Level Measurements.

19.4.3 Enhanced CID Positioning using Round Trip Time and Angle of

Arrival.

19.5 LTE Positioning Protocols.

19.6 Summary and Future Techniques.

References.

20 The Radio Propagation Environment (Juha Ylitalo and Tommi Jämsä).

20.1 Introduction.

20.2 SISO and SIMO Channel Models.

20.2.1 ITU Channel Model.

20.2.2 3GPP Channel Model.

20.2.3 Extended ITU Models.

20.3 MIMO Channel Models.

20.3.1 SCM Channel Model.

20.3.2 SCM-Extension Channel Model.

20.3.3 WINNER Model.

20.3.4 LTE Evaluation Model.

20.3.5 Extended ITU Models with Spatial Correlation.

20.3.6 ITU Channel Models for IMT-Advanced.

20.3.7 Comparison of MIMO Channel Models.

20.4 Radio Channel Implementation for Conformance Testing.

20.4.1 Performance and Conformance Testing.

20.4.2 Future Testing Challenges.

20.5 Concluding Remarks.

References.

21 Radio Frequency Aspects (Moray Rumney, Takaharu Nakamura, Stefania Sesia, Tony Sayers and Adrian Payne).

21.1 Introduction.

21.2 Frequency Bands and Arrangements.

21.3 Transmitter RF Requirements.

21.3.1 Requirements for the Intended Transmissions.

21.3.2 Requirements for Unwanted Emissions.

21.3.3 Power Amplifier Considerations.

21.4 Receiver RF Requirements.

21.4.1 Receiver General Requirements.

21.4.2 Transmit Signal Leakage.

21.4.3 Maximum Input Level.

21.4.4 Small Signal Requirements.

21.4.5 Selectivity and Blocking Specifications.

21.4.6 Spurious Emissions.

21.4.7 Intermodulation Requirements.

21.4.8 Dynamic Range.

21.5 RF Impairments.

21.5.1 Transmitter RF Impairments.

21.5.2 Model of the Main RF Impairments.

21.6 Summary.

References.