Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives

Modern Hybrid Electric Vehicles provides vital guidance to help a new generation of engineers master the principles of and further advance hybrid vehicle technology. The authors address purely electric, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell, and off-road hybrid vehicle systems. They focus on the power and propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. They concentrate on material that is not readily available in other hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) books such as design examples for hybrid vehicles, and cover new developments in the field including electronic CVT, plug-in hybrid, and new power converters and controls.

Covers hybrid vs. pure electric, HEV system architecture (including plug-in and hydraulic), off-road and other industrial utility vehicles, non-ground-vehicle applications like ships, locomotives, aircrafts, system reliability, EMC, storage technologies, vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues.
Contains core fundamentals and principles of modern hybrid vehicles at component level and system level.
Provides graduate students and field engineers with a text suitable for classroom teaching or self-study.

About the Authors.

Preface.

1 Introduction.

1.1 Sustainable Transportation.

1.2 A Brief History of HEVs.

1.3 Why EVs Emerged and Failed in the 1990s, and What We Can Learn from It.

1.4 Architectures of HEVs.

1.5 Interdisciplinary Nature of HEVs.

1.6 State of the Art of HEVs.

1.7 Challenges and Key Technology of HEVs.

1.8 The Invisible Hand–Government Support.

References.

2 Concept of Hybridization of the Automobile.

2.1 Vehicle Basics.

2.2 Basics of the EV.

2.4 Basics of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV).

2.5 Basics of Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs).

Reference.

3 HEV Fundamentals.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Vehicle Model.

3.3 Vehicle Performance.

3.4 EV Powertrain Component Sizing.

3.5 Series Hybrid Vehicle.

3.6 Parallel Hybrid Vehicle.

3.7 Wheel Slip Dynamics.

References.

4 Advanced HEV Architectures and Dynamics of HEV Powertrain.

4.1 Principle of Planetary Gears.

4.2 Toyota Prius and Ford Escape Hybrid Powertrain.

4.3 GM Two-Mode Hybrid Transmission.

4.4 Dual-Clutch Hybrid Transmissions.

4.5 Hybrid Transmission Proposed by Zhang et al.

4.6 Renault IVT Hybrid Transmission.

4.7 Timken Two-Mode Hybrid Transmission.

4.8 Tsai’s Hybrid Transmission.

4.9 Hybrid Transmission with Both Speed and Torque Coupling Mechanism.

4.10 Toyota Highlander and Lexus Hybrid, E-Four-Wheel Drive.

4.11 CAMRY Hybrid.

4.12 Chevy Volt Powertrain.

4.13 Dynamics of Planetary-Based Transmissions.

4.14 Conclusions.

References.

5 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

5.1 Introduction to PHEVs.

5.2 PHEV Architectures.

5.3 Equivalent Electric Range of Blended PHEVs.

5.4 Fuel Economy of PHEVs.

5.5 Power Management of PHEVs.

5.6 PHEV Design and Component Sizing.

5.7 Component Sizing of EREVs.

5.8 Component Sizing of Blended PHEVs.

5.9 HEV to PHEV Conversions.

5.10 Other Topics on PHEVs.

5.11 Vehicle-to-Grid Technology.

5.12 Conclusion.

References.

6 Special Hybrid Vehicles.

6.1 Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles.

6.2 Off-road HEVs.

6.3 Diesel HEVs.

6.4 Electric or Hybrid Ships, Aircraft, Locomotives.

6.5 Other Industrial Utility Application Vehicles.

References.

Further Reading.

7 HEV Applications for Military Vehicles.

7.1 Why HEVs Can Be Beneficial to Military Applications.

7.2 Ground Vehicle Applications.

7.3 Non-ground Vehicle Military Applications.

7.4 Ruggedness Issues.

References.

Further Reading.

8 Diagnostics, Prognostics, Reliability, EMC, and Other Topics Related to HEVs.

8.1 Diagnostics and Prognostics in HEVs and EVs.

8.2 Reliability of HEVs.

8.3 EMC Issues.

8.4 Noise Vibration Harshness (NVH), Electromechanical, and Other Issues.

8.5 End-of-Life Issues.

References.

Further Reading.

9 Power Electronics in HEVs.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Principle of Power Electronics.

9.3 Rectifiers Used in HEVs.

9.4 Buck Converter Used in HEVs.

9.5 Non-isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter.

9.6 Voltage Source Inverter.

9.7 Current Source Inverter.

9.8 Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter.

9.9 PWM Rectifier in HEVs.

9.10 EV and PHEV Battery Chargers.

9.11 Modeling and Simulation of HEV Power Electronics.

9.12 Emerging Power Electronics Devices.

9.13 Circuit Packaging.

9.14 Thermal Management of HEV Power Electronics.

9.15 Conclusions.

References.

10 Electric Machines and Drives in HEVs.

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Induction Motor Drives.

10.3 Permanent Magnet Motor Drives.

10.4 Switched Reluctance Motors.

10.5 Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Machines.

10.6 Design and Sizing of Traction Motors.

10.7 Thermal Analysis and Modeling of Traction Motors.

10.8 Conclusions.

References.

11 Batteries, Ultracapacitors, Fuel Cells, and Controls.

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Battery Characterization.

11.3 Comparison of Different Energy Storage Technologies for HEVs.

11.4 Modeling Based on Equivalent Electric Circuits.

11.5 Battery Charging Control.

11.6 Charge Management of Storage Devices.

11.7 Flywheel Energy Storage System.

11.8 Hydraulic Energy Storage System.

11.9 Fuel Cells and Hybrid Fuel Cell Energy Storage System.

11.10 Summary and Discussion.

References.

12 Modeling and Simulation of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles.

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Fundamentals of Vehicle System Modeling.

12.3 HEV Modeling Using ADVISOR.

12.4 HEV Modeling Using PSAT.

12.5 Physics-Based Modeling.

12.6 Bond Graph and Other Modeling Techniques.

12.7 Consideration of Numerical Integration Methods.

12.8 Conclusion.

References.

13 HEV Component Sizing and Design Optimization.

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 Global Optimization Algorithms for HEV Design.

13.3 Model-in-the-Loop Design Optimization Process.

13.4 Parallel HEV Design Optimization Example.

13.5 Series HEV Design Optimization Example.

13.6 Conclusion.

References.

14 Vehicular Power Control Strategy and Energy Management.

14.1 A Generic Framework, Definition, and Needs.

14.2 Methodology to Implement.

14.3 Benefits of Energy Management.

References.

Further Reading.

15 Commercialization and Standardization of HEV Technology and Future Transportation.

15.1 What Is Commercialization and Why Is It Important for HEVs?

15.2 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Enablers of Commercialization.

15.3 Standardization and Commercialization.

15.4 Commercialization Issues and Effects on Various Types of Vehicles.

15.5 Commercialization and Future of HEVs and Transportation.

Further Reading.

Index.