Antimicrobial Polymers

This book focuses on the coupling of plastics and biocides, with particular concentration on natural biocides and the nanofabrication of biocides, and of their final properties and activity. Chapters address the key technologies employed to impart antimicrobial behavior to polymers, including chemical modification of the polymers themselves, as well as discussing applications in food packaging, medical devices, nanomaterials, and coatings. The coverage balances outlining the technologies with explaining the mechanisms of antimicrobial behavior. Concluding chapters cover regulatory matters and human safety and environmental risks of antimicrobial polymers.

PREFACE vii
CONTRIBUTORS ix

1 ANTIMICROBIAL PACKAGING POLYMERS. A GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1
Jose´ M. Lagaron, Maria J. Ocio, and Amparo Lopez-Rubio

2 BACTERIAL RESISTANCE AND CHALLENGES OF BIOCIDE PLASTICS 23
Nibras A.A.M. Ahmed

3 “CLICK CHEMISTRY” TO DERIVED ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS 51
P. Lecomte, R. Riva, and C. Jerome

4 CHITOSAN AND CHITOSAN BLENDS AS ANTIMICROBIALS 71
Patricia Fernandez-Saiz

5 THYMOL IN NANOCOMPOSITES. A CASE STUDY 101
Maria Dolores Sanchez-Garcia

6 BACTERIOCINS IN PLASTICS 117
Gianluigi Mauriello and Francesco Villani

7 ANTIMICROBIAL ENZYMES AND NATURAL EXTRACTS IN PLASTICS 159
Marcella Mastromatteo, Marianna Mastromatteo, Amalia Conte, and Matteo Alessandro Del Nobile

8 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES 195
Jose F. Marcos and Paloma Manzanares

9 RECOMBINANT ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES 227
J. Carlos Rodriguez-Cabello, Carmen Garcia-Arevalo, Alessandra Girotti, Laura Martin, and Mercedes Santos

10 NOVEL ANTIMICROBIALS OBTAINED BY ELECTROSPINNING METHODS 261
Sergio Torres-Giner

11 SILVER- AND NANOSILVER-BASED PLASTIC TECHNOLOGIES 287
Antonio Martinez-Abad

12 ANTIMICROBIAL PLASTICS BASED ON METAL-CONTAINING NANOLAYERED CLAYS 317
Jose´ M. Lagaron and Maria A. Busolo

13 NANOMETALS AS ANTIMICROBIALS 327
R.P. Allaker, M.A. Vargas-Reus, and G.G. Ren

14 TITANIUM DIOXIDE-BASED PLASTIC TECHNOLOGIES 351
Marta Fernandez-Garcia, Maria L. Cerrada, Anna Kubacka, and Marcos Fernandez-Garcia

15 TISSUE-IMPLANT ANTIMICROBIAL INTERFACES 379
E. Marsich, A. Travan, I. Donati, G. Turco, F. Bellomo, and S. Paoletti

16 CHARACTERIZING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CELL MEMBRANES AND ANTIMICROBIALS VIA SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 429
Christopher W. Avery and Zhan Chen

17 GAS-BASED ANTIMICROBIALS IN ACTIVE PACKAGING 459
Siriyupa Netramai, Maria Rubino, and Loong-Tak Lim

18 CURRENT LEGISLATION IN ANTIMICROBIALS 489
Javier Gomez

19 HUMAN SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF BIOCIDES 527
Orla Condell, Carol Iversen, Karen Power, and Seamus Fanning

INDEX 561

JOSé M. LAGARóN, PhD, is Founder and Group-Leader of the Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group of the Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) in Valencia, Spain. and is part-time Professor of Materials Science at the Universitat Jaume I. Dr. Lagaron has published more than one hundred peer-reviewed papers, a book and several book chapters, and has fourteen patent applications in nanotechnology applied to polymers.
MARÍA J. OCIO, PhD, is a Food Technologist Tenure Track Lecturer at the Preventive Medicine Department of the University of Valencia and also project leader within the Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Lab at the Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology of CSIC. She has a wide knowledge and experience in the handling of microorganisms of interest in the food industry. Dr. Ocio has over forty publications in peer-reviewed international journals.

AMPARO LóPEZ-RUBIO, PhD, is a research scientist and project leader within the Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group of the IATA-CSIC. She has published over thirty-five papers in peer-reviewed international journals on the subjects of food technology, nanotechnology, packaging and biopackaging.