Advances in LC-MS Instrumentation, Journal of Chromatography Library, Volume 72

The different LC-MS techniques available today were developed to suit specific analytical needs and the application range covered by each one is wide, but still limited. GC amenable compounds can be all analyzed with a single GC-MS system whereas HPLC applications call for specific LC-MS instrumental arrangements. ESI, APCI, APPI, and EI are ionization techniques that can be combined with different analyzers, in single or tandem configuration, to create the ultimate system for a certain application. Once approaching LC-MS for a specific need, the fast technical evolution and the variegated commercial offer can induce confusion in the potential user.
The role of this book is to enlighten the state-of-the-art of LC-MS evolution through a series of contributions written by the people that brought major, recent innovations in the field. Each chapter will take into consideration the novelties, the advantages and the possible applications covered by a particular technical solution. The book will also include new analytical methods that can provide benefits using the most recent innovations in LC-MS plus a certain number of key applications.

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1. Basic aspects of electrospray ionization (L. Molin, P. Traldi)

1.1 The taylor cone

1.2 Fate of sprayed droplets

1.3 Ions formation from charged droplets

1.4 Some further considerations

2. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI): new avenues for an old friend (A. Raffaelli)

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Principles and apparatus

2.3 Applications

3. Electron ionization in LC–MS: a technical overview of the direct EI interface (A. Cappiello, P. Palma)

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The interface

3.3 Interface performance

3.4 Applications

3.5 Conclusion

4. Electron ionization LC–MS with supersonic molecular beams (O. Granot, A. Amirav)
4.1 Introduction

4.2 Experimental – liquid sampling EI–MS with SMB

4.3 Results – Cold EI mass spectra

4.4 Results – Selected applications

4.5 Discussion and potential advantages

5. A case for congruent multiple ionization modes in atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (M.P. Balogh)
5.1 Introduction

5.2 Atmospheric pressure ionization: electrospray

5.3 Atmospheric pressure ionization: chemical ionization

5.4 Atmospheric pressure ionization: photoionization

5.5 Combining ionization mechanisms

5.6 Developing reproducible mechanism boundaries

5.7 True combined mechanism designs

5.8 Development of ESCi® multimode ionization

5.9 Applications of multimode ionization

5.10 Developments in progress

6. Atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI)
(O.J. Schmitz, T. Benter)
6.1 Motivation

6.2 Principles of laser ionization

6.3 Spectroscopic considerations

6.4 From jet-REMPI to APLI

6.5 Coupling stages for APLI MS and experimental results

6.6 Conclusions and outlook

7. LC–ICP-MS – a primary tool for elemental speciation studies? (K. Wrobel et al.)
7.1 Introduction: target elements and samples in
speciation analysis

7.2 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as element-specific detector

7.3 Liquid chromatographic techniques for species separation

7.4 Coupling ICP-MS to liquid chromatography

7.5 Element speciation by LC-ICP-MS in the real-world samples

7.6 Approaching a higher reliability of speciation results

7.7 Conclusions

8. HPCL–chip/MS: a new approach to nano-LC/MS (T.A. van de Goor)
8.1 Introduction

8.2 Micro fabrication of HPLC-CHIP devices

8.3 Analytical performance of HPLC-CHIP/MS versus nano-LC/MS [10]

8.4 Applications of HPLC-CHIP/MS

8.5 Future directions

8.6 Conclusion

9. Matrix effect, signal suppression and enhancement in LC–ESI–MS (L. Tonidandel, R. Seraglia)

10. Differential mobility spectrometry (FAIMS): a powerful tool for rapid gas phase ion separation and detection (R.A. Miller et al.)
10.1 Introduction and history

10.2 Principle of operation overview

10.3 How it works: fundamentals of the ion separation method

10.4 Physical implementation: planar versus cylindrical ion filter geometries

10.5 The importance of ionization: fundamentals of atmospheric pressure ion formation and ion chemistry

10.6 Applications of DMS

10.7 Conclusion